11 Diet And Nutrition Changes Diabetics Need To Make To Control And Manage Diabetic Retinopathy

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11 Diet And Nutrition Changes Diabetics Need To Make To Control And Manage Diabetic Retinopathy

The prevention of diabetic retinopathy should involve adequate control of sugar levels, blood pressure, and promoting a healthy lifestyle with changes in dietary habits and increased physical activity.

Diabetes Management Tips: What Is The Role Of Nutrition In Managing Diabetic Retinopathy?
When high blood sugar levels harm blood vessels and create swelling and bleeding in the retina, it can result in diabetic retinopathy. (Photo: Freepik)
VerifiedVERIFIED By: Dr Sudhir Baburdikar, senior retina surgeon and neuro-ophthalmologist at Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital, Aundh (Pune)



Written by Prerna Mittra |Updated : December 3, 2024 8:56 PM IST

MANAGING DIABETES: Diabetes is a common and debilitating disease that happens when the body is not able to utilise the insulin that the pancreas generates, or when the pancreas is unable to create enough of it. Doctors often call this chronic health condition a global pandemic, affecting people across age groups. “Diabetes mellitus affects 77 million adults in India between the ages of 20 years and 79 years. Over the next 25 years, this figure is expected to rise,” warns Dr Sudhir Baburdikar, senior retina surgeon and neuro-ophthalmologist at Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital, Aundh (Pune). There are several consequences of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy, and neuropathy, he adds. Citing an early therapy diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS), the doctor says up to 98 per cent of diabetic blindness can be avoided with appropriate therapy and routine follow-ups.

“Timely screening and precise staging of retinopathy severity are essential components of routine follow-ups, as they can enable the determination of the necessity for monitoring and early treatment. According to one study, one in four Indians over the age of 40 has diabetes. High blood sugar — or hyperglycemia — has an impact on every part of the body, but it mostly affects the kidneys, nerves, and eyes,” Dr Baburdikar states.

What Is Diabetic Retinopathy?

The doctor explains that when high blood sugar levels harm blood vessels and create swelling and bleeding in the retina (the rear portion of the eye, also called the mirror of the eye), it can result in diabetic retinopathy, which is a common complication of diabetes. If left untreated, it can result in vision issues and even blindness.

“Although medical treatments like injections or laser therapy can control the problem, food is also important. While nutrition alone cannot prevent diabetic retinopathy, it can have a big impact on blood sugar regulation and, consequently, eye health in general,” says the health expert.

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Dietary Tips To Manage Diabetic Retinopathy

The doctor recommends making the following changes to diet to manage diabetic retinopathy:

  1. Carbohydrate management: Common sources are whole grains, rice, vegetables, juices, cakes, cookies, candies, etc. Although a normal healthy person can eat up to 200g of carbohydrates daily, a diabetic cannot. Since complex carbs do not directly elevate blood sugar levels, they are preferred to simple ones. Both blood sugar levels and the retina are directly impacted by carbohydrates. Eat more complex carbs that are higher in fibre; they affect blood sugar levels more slowly than refined carbohydrates. Examples include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
  2. Glycemic control: Monitoring HBA1C is very important. Foods with a lower glycemic index (containing very low sugar or no sugar) cause a slower and smaller rise in blood sugar levels, promoting better glycemic control.
  3. Portion control: Controlling portion sizes is essential for managing calorie intake and blood sugar levels. Overconsumption of even healthy foods can lead to blood sugar spikes. Use portion control techniques such as measuring serving sizes, using smaller plates, and being mindful of hunger and fullness cues.
  4. Healthy fats: Hyperlipidemia (increase in lipid levels), majorly low-density lipoproteins (LDL), has been found to increase swelling in the retina. Having monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can help improve insulin sensitivity and support overall eye health. Sources include avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, and fatty fish like salmon and mackerel.
  5. Proteins: Unlike carbohydrates, proteins have minimal impact on blood sugar levels when consumed. But, including adequate protein in meals and snacks can help stabilise blood sugar levels by slowing down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
  6. Satiety and weight management: Protein is known for its ability to promote satiety, helping individuals feel full and satisfied after meals. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetic retinopathy, who are managing their weight. Protein-rich foods can help control appetite.
  7. Muscle health and insulin sensitivity: Adequate protein intake is essential for maintaining muscle mass and supporting overall health. Muscle tissue plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. By preserving muscle mass through sufficient protein intake and regular physical activity, individuals with diabetic retinopathy can improve their body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
  8. Lean proteins: Including lean sources of protein in your diet can help stabilise blood sugar levels and promote satiety. Opt for lean cuts of meat, poultry, fish, tofu, legumes, and low-fat dairy products.
  9. Antioxidant-rich foods: Enriching the diet with antioxidants can delay glucose absorption in the small intestine and decrease glucose production in the liver. It stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1, known to exert a beneficial effect on the response to glucose in pancreatic beta cells and also decrease the leakage of retinal vessels. Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, zinc, and lutein may help protect the eyes from oxidative damage. Eat citrus fruits, berries, nuts, seeds, leafy greens, and colourful vegetables.
  10. Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit eye health. Incorporate sources of omega-3s such as fatty fish (salmon, sardines), flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts into your diet.
  11. Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining eye health and supporting overall well-being. Aim to drink plenty of water throughout the day, and limit consumption of sugary beverages and alcohol.



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